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The categories Alternate Mission Non-Profit, Animal Shelter, Hobbyist, Mascot, Breeder, Conservation Breeding, Hospitality, and Research Facility are not pictured as they each represent less than 1% of the total Class C exhibitors. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511676240172-XIFUA8OMLDU0E3XJC1WW/primarypurposeclassc.PNG Who Are The USDA Class C Exhibitors? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511676815929-3JR4PXY5ZS7MNFX883EL/usda2.jpg Who Are The USDA Class C Exhibitors? https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/the-difference-between-zoos-sanctuaries daily 0.75 2018-12-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png The Difference Between a Zoological Facility and a Sanctuary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg The Difference Between a Zoological Facility and a Sanctuary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519697668004-FO32EPUQ4I9YBHYO30QA/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png The Difference Between a Zoological Facility and a Sanctuary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511736671627-E8QLCJSSCAFWP0U1R2YM/21706463_10213800089506592_1035449408_o.jpg The Difference Between a Zoological Facility and a Sanctuary https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/legislation-breakdown-1818-bigcatpublicsafety daily 0.75 2018-12-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg Legislation Breakdown: H.R. 1818 "The Big Cat Public Safety Act" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png Legislation Breakdown: H.R. 1818 "The Big Cat Public Safety Act" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519697751740-K7LEL76V15OYTWRFXT0F/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png Legislation Breakdown: H.R. 1818 "The Big Cat Public Safety Act" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511737307267-ODFA8PM1TTCDDITN0EVM/hrhr.PNG Legislation Breakdown: H.R. 1818 "The Big Cat Public Safety Act" https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/whats-in-a-word-roadside-zoo daily 0.75 2018-12-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png What's In A Word: Why It's Time to Retire "Roadside Zoo" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg What's In A Word: Why It's Time to Retire "Roadside Zoo" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519697844748-5E41S9B749SV45OHR3NO/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png What's In A Word: Why It's Time to Retire "Roadside Zoo" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1531377023724-QE640HEI20U63YFKAWSL/17837574_10212284322453363_999812683_o.jpg What's In A Word: Why It's Time to Retire "Roadside Zoo" https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/menagerie-roadside-zoo daily 0.75 2018-12-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg "Menagerie" - A Proposal for Replacing the Term Roadside Zoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519697811731-4MKEZ660WAKOZ1CXG5EZ/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png "Menagerie" - A Proposal for Replacing the Term Roadside Zoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png "Menagerie" - A Proposal for Replacing the Term Roadside Zoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1517111916145-6ZL9ZRF0OMU44FINURT4/royal-menagerie.png "Menagerie" - A Proposal for Replacing the Term Roadside Zoo https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/why-a-vegan-diet-will-kill-your-cat-and-sicken-your-dog daily 0.75 2018-02-27 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519697874025-HRDD5VJIDABDWTZ3BSP8/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png Why a Vegan Diet will Kill Your Cat (and Sicken Your Dog) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511738895699-9KVQFQ8TDIQ2JTZX7OHE/image-asset.jpeg Why a Vegan Diet will Kill Your Cat (and Sicken Your Dog) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511738949889-E0EQWETZZNESXT03P43S/image-asset.jpeg Why a Vegan Diet will Kill Your Cat (and Sicken Your Dog) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511738840736-Q16353HM2SHLJB5ZS1SP/table.jpg Why a Vegan Diet will Kill Your Cat (and Sicken Your Dog) (Source) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg Why a Vegan Diet will Kill Your Cat (and Sicken Your Dog) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png Why a Vegan Diet will Kill Your Cat (and Sicken Your Dog) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511739041833-GL6W61E8ET6AZS8JNFZG/file_21394_column_dog-cat-vegetarian-2.jpg Why a Vegan Diet will Kill Your Cat (and Sicken Your Dog) https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/how-to-understand-zoos-glossary daily 0.75 2018-12-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg How to Understand Zoo Terminology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png How to Understand Zoo Terminology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519697932241-TX52TBENPXAOINQEDI1W/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png How to Understand Zoo Terminology https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511739338594-VAAKO1D1EARBSQJOCHHD/wordfinder-background.jpg How to Understand Zoo Terminology https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/how-to-understand-zoos-enrichment daily 0.75 2018-12-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511739875363-XPJ1N7UJ5QA9A6LAV5HY/download+%285%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment The enrichment item closet at Aquarium of the Bay. (Photo Credit: D. Estes) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511760304266-T5MHB76R3MPCZQ1BVJWR/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment A scent-enrichment device for giraffe at Zoo Atlanta awaits being placed on exhibit. The wiffle balls inside it can be covered in non-toxic scents and/or flavors, encouraging the giraffe to investigate them with their long tongues. (Photo Credit: T. Phillips) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511761026617-6UAZSF0JVRQK6TTAY5A5/download+%2817%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment Sometimes enrichment is mean to be as fun for the guests as it is for the animals. Taco Tuesday at Aquarium of the Bay was one such theme: the North American River Otters got corn tacos filled with their normal meat diet, shredded lettuce, and cheese. (These items aren't part of their normal diet, but are approved for occasional use in enrichment). (Photo Credit: D. Estes) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511760546347-3SR12TKL8A3EYFVR7DKQ/download+%2816%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment Staff work to build a naturalistic feeder device for the Red Pandas at Brookfield Zoo. Once on exhibit, it'll blend right in with the rest of the vegetation and be barely noticeable. (Photo Credit: Chuck Berman / Chicago Tribune) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511739813940-27HLU2783NEL2UREQYN1/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment A Common Rhea at Sequoia Park Zoo investigates a PVC feeder tube meant for the Chacoan Peccaries it shares an exhibit with. When rolled around, pellets that are part of both species' diet fall out. (Photo Credit: L. Miller) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511739931434-5GAR0TXN6LLP0D5PD606/download+%286%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment Streamers make up a large part of the birthday enrichment for Kiki, a Western Lowland Gorilla, at Franklin Park Zoo. Visually novel and fun to destroy, they encourage all sorts of investigative behavior. (Photo Credit: S. McCann) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511760380905-EAXH0EB4I5ADUAVX3L8S/download+%2813%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment A favorite North American River Otter nest full of bedding and soft toys behind the scenes at Aquarium of the Bay. (Photo Credit: D. Estes) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511760178129-MZGHGO5MVLIEYZRUO5WR/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment (Photo Credit: Taronga Zoo) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511761338483-50HLNW202DUIBEUXHTDU/download+%2820%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment The weird things guests do are also novel and enriching! Here North American River Otters investigate a guest's re-usable cup. (Photo Credit: D. Estes) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511761284442-ZTHB690GR0NOONX5FRAM/download+%2818%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment Aquarium of the Bay brought in hundreds of pounds of snow one winter as enrichment for their North American River Otters. (Photo Credit: D. Estes) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511760515329-MNHVC6I89VCC3DS008V0/download+%2815%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment A Chacoan Peccary with a fall-themed jack-o-lantern enrichment item at the Sequoia Park Zoo. It'll be destroyed fairly quickly once introduced. (Photo Credit: L. Miller) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511760135095-I2DWFMGKIXGJM1FHLLY8/download+%288%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment An African Elephant at Zoo Atlanta stretches to snag browse from a lofted feeder device. (Photo Credit: T. Phillips) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511740116338-SEZV9ZL48IJEVCPJ151N/download+%287%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment Rose petal enrichment for amphibians was part of a Valentine's Day enrichment theme at Aquarium of the Bay (the exhibit is themed around the consequences of dumping, so the bottles are permanent fixtures). Amphibians are hard to enrich but flower petals are novel and have an interesting texture. (Photo Credit: D. Estes) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511761382061-6ZYCJI3O74MBZYH78SXC/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment If we fits, we sits: Patagonian Cavies at the Sequoia Park Zoo utilize cardboard fruit boxes filled with straw as temporary beds. (Photo Credit: L. Miller) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511761262677-W5MMLSIDM6WICGJ88RZY/download+%2819%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment Meerkats at Capron Park Zoo investigate a size-appropriate ball pit - there's likely tidbits of food hidden among the balls. (Photo Credit: S. McCann) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511739759185-XHOPSGHH4AJWXP9YZ43E/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment A hanging vegetable feeder for the Alhambra Tortoises at Zoo Atlanta encourages these sedate animals to be more active while eating. (Photo Credit: T. Phillips) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511761310485-YHUAB8364PUK9JLZEH05/download+%2822%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment A Nine-Banded Armadillo at Capron Park Zoo paints during a keeper interaction. The novel experience as well as the texture and smell of the paint are all enriching. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png How To Understand Zoo Enrichment https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511760205299-PBS19V4GYX8LJRQKCQFQ/download+%2810%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment A menagerie of reef fish - squirrelfish, grunts, spadefish, surgeonfish, and a puffer - work to dislodge vegetables from a block of plaster at the Cameron Park Zoo. (Photo Credit: D. Estes) https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511760413695-V1QC4W91I7QO6YUY8HQB/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Enrichment Individual preferences are obvious when animals are presented with varied enrichment. At Sequoia Park Zoo, some Bush Dogs prefer raw bones - but others make a beeline for their favorite fire hose. (Photo Credit: L. 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg Glossary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png Glossary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519697385084-RJD818NJVLOBJ3YMHECO/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png Glossary https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1511736608331-GG5W1A5X9KLS00WT3KHC/21706463_10213800089506592_1035449408_o.jpg Glossary https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/how-to-understand-zoo-animal-training daily 0.75 2018-12-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582401034-0THBN7NWH858GSELBOFL/18813588_1494707957246148_5426363230249788495_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A tiger at Great Cats World Park doing a "body presentation" behavior during a demonstration for guests. Photo Credit: Great Cats World Park https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582976017-NAPW0VABRPVMCDYXDL6Y/17548997_10212173894412731_206231794_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An orca at SeaWorld Orlando "stations" on a scale so trainers can record her weight. Photo Credit: M. Hummel-Uzzi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520588565695-R2E0F8O27HEJSNA9IP3K/owangyang.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A grey fox at the Sacramento Zoo "high-fives" his trainer on cue. Photo Credit: M. Owyang https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534974756283-ZI88QJ8KUEARDLNBQO37/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A greater one-horned rhinoceros at the Los Angeles Zoo was trained to allow the application of a special bandage when her horn became cancerous and had to be removed. Photo Credit: J. Pham https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534821736139-ZQ04YZRQA55YYYGEMZQC/IMG_7399.JPG How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A cheetah at Busch Gardens follows a "nose target" cue up onto a platform during a public demonstration. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520581694595-0UK1WE2AG33U0Z4IGHC7/tumblr_n1o695icyk1to7yd8o1_500.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A moray eel at the Cameron Park Zoo approaches a target pole. Photo Credit: D. Estes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582479584-4X3XPU7MHDK4OO47EX6D/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An African Elephant at the Atlanta Zoo doing a "foot presentation" behavior while a staff member looks at the health of her feet and toenails. Photo Credit: T. Phillips https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534829525362-PKZ86G9ZX1Z072SW5NUL/39629912_10214852285414114_2570897063231356928_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An orca at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom leaps to touch a suspended target with her rostrum. Photo Credit: M. Owyang https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534746834417-VHJHXNRRJCKWZ1MRJ4BQ/38705654_327892571317192_912854724208754688_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A serval at the Nashville zoo explores the facility grounds with a trainer on a snowy morning. Photo Credit: C. Wheeler https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520587213999-MFYVEKS0CRH61J30VDZD/18618178_10158669269845524_429618460_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A California sea lion at the Chessington World of Adventures Resort places a plastic bottle into a recycling bin during an educational presentation. Photo Credit: L. Partridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519697385084-RJD818NJVLOBJ3YMHECO/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png How To Understand Zoo Animal Training https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520581958463-U2FT8YP8P4E9YRKSLYYY/18789184_10211621065254704_361693015_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A skink at the Franklin Park Zoo doing a "nose target" behavior while on a perch for a public demonastration. Photo Credit: C. Rutledge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520668219646-5WWPCIAOOTNWB3UULADB/28908077_10155258752521190_824544397_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A reticulated giraffe at the Turtle Back Zoo doing a "nose target" to a zookeeper's hand. Photo Credit: Turtle Back Zoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535228934396-UU5OH6PW7WL5APJVW72B/39900553_10156549843604054_3807775948590284800_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A ring-tailed lemur allows a voluntary ultrasound of her abdomen at the Cameron Park Zoo. Photo Credit: L. Klutts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520584513839-ANKU0D27ZMW00RKXJWXB/owyang3.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A red panda at the Sacramento Zoo waits on a walk while wearing a harness on the way to a public program. Photo Credit: M. Owyang https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534726431196-QEM6NZAZ0LPCAFUKC3LO/39821232_233851893994210_6149808524038766592_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A trainer at the Downtown Aquarium in Denver demonstrates how they apply medication to a North American river otter's hind feet through the use of a "nose target" and a "roll over" behavior. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534751086284-EIR48TJML4N6K92A82LZ/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training The same Fulvous Whistling Ducks calmly settled inside their transport crate en route to a presentation. Photo Credit: M. Owyang https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520585436244-DCNPJ8DSYFXOQCIBYQHL/18596237_10158669251845524_1296184767_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A coatimundi at the Chessington World of Adventures Resort demonstrates the species' agility and climbing ability by running across a rope upside-down. Photo Credit: L. Partridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582452082-YVFEGXLUKART3L7XWI2I/10314656_10152250300652336_7313719228887825498_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An African elephant at the Cameron Park Zoo doing a "trunk target" behavior to a zookeeper's hand. Photo Credit: Cameron Park Zoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534822451802-T4RK93STHPTDZMETJL2Z/28908303_10155258752681190_134567484_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A California sea lion at the Turtle Back Zoo waits as its trainer reaches for a piece of fish during a session. 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Owyang https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582104401-RZIIEGO74MUTGJ94GQ1B/18492357_10208554606054324_1430073158_n+%281%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An African lioness at the Houston Zoo doing an "open mouth" behavior. Photo Credit: K. Buckley-Jones https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520587461731-H5GURVSNOKO8DFTVWPR9/tumblr_oncamtB8o91to7yd8o1_1280.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A North American River Otter at the Aquarium of the Bay holds a "nose target" behavior while presenting his paw for a tactile behavior. Photo Credit: Aquarium of the Bay https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534974710482-V02S1G97ROUTXYUUEIE6/brevarddeer.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A white-tailed deer at the Brevard Zoo licks at a fruit smoothie for the duration of a voluntary blood draw. Photo Credit: R. Smith https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520581638845-B77PGOP2MORVW9X2O7PC/tumblr_ney7f1brZv1to7yd8o1_540.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A lionfish at the Cameron Park Zoo targets to a pole bearing a chunk of fish. Photo Credit: D. Estes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520586610554-HM27MKIA57GQSL5LJMI1/18579366_10158669266050524_1828797439_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A California sea lion shows off strength and stamina by doing a "flipper stand" at the Chessington World of Adventures Resort. Photo Credit: L. Partridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520587374085-D31A0Q6Z9186XQZ08ODB/18554903_10158669250440524_1681615166_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A blue and gold macaw at the Chessington World of Adventures Resort holds a clicker and shows guests that he knows how to bridge himself during his own training session. Photo Credit: L. Partridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534726834101-7SOLK2QKUNM73CC898CC/39616346_1852755294806539_2149285953716355072_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A North American river otter doing a "nose target" behavior to a target pole held by guests during a special behind-the-scenes interaction prgoram. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582157420-RA2DLW9X3KL4JXSQ09B3/15731636_10154898627804297_1255416180_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A North American river otter at the Aquarium of the Bay doing an "open mouth" behavior while holding a "nose target" on a target pole. Photo Credit: D. Estes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520584464116-4FV1YLD30QF64BD1JCS7/18789314_10211178176342517_261888356_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A double-wattled cassowary at the Birmingham Zoo waits inside his crate for his trainer to deliver a favorite reinforcer. This crate allows keeper staff to work with him at close range while keeping a solid barrier between them and his strong, heavily clawed feet at all times. Photo Credit: Birmingham Zoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582513250-W1KEX621W1G6Q75S5ILL/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An orca at SeaWorld Orlando doing a "flipper presentation" behavior during a show. Photo Credit: M. Hummel-Uzzi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534967650662-4FU6MBS3PNJMF9TK58TV/39894737_2198569447054161_5498803821129760768_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An American Crocodile waits at a "station" on dry land at the Theater of the Sea while a topical treatment sinks into its foot. Photo Credit: K. Rivera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534821527085-AXLKPW8TFK1BOSI0XZ5W/IMG_7410.JPG How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A cheetah at Busch Gardens drinks hot chicken broth - his favorite reinforcer - from a squirt bottle during a public demonstaration. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582947715-ROFWMROEUTWXCD4KSENB/18554520_10154893878271886_1286098094_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training The same mandrill doing an "open mouth" behavior. Photo Credit: A. Hawkins https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534726515184-IPKV5MC5J766555ZRI2T/39515143_2171581453114044_8045461660900524032_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A tiger at Tanganyika Wildlife Park doing a "foot presentation" behavior during a public training demonstration. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520586500618-SE7PX0K4MIHIQMZ7FT5M/18554570_10158643879465721_1611353399_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A tamandua at Six Flags World Park demonstrates how strong a tail the species has by hanging from it. Photo Credit: A. Hawkins https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534805847977-89CDOYSBI39L45MN93P7/39698827_319929885420072_8487832658049499136_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A selection of things that might be brought to a training session with a cetacean: a bucket of fish, a soft tactile brush, a favorite toy, chunks of unflavored gelatin, and a whistle for use as a bridge cue. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582235224-U7C2HGQ1D58ONZPPAW48/18339544_10100309792061787_334398270_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An African Elephant at the Atlanta Zoo doing an "open mouth" behavior with her trunk up so keepers can see inside of her mouth easily. Photo Credit: T. Phillips https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535237078636-FIJHLL90SSP0BPFZN305/40136224_1827680170659162_6655747738702970880_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A trainer at Tiger World demonstrates to a training class how to appropriately present a reinforcer to a large carnivore. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582198859-S2QTKBPJ6JY4OU17F4SB/15784750_10211365759929874_1709805340_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A Commerson's dolphin at Aquatica doing an open-mouth behavior. Photo Credit: M. Hummel-Uzzi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520583011493-VPFJDZ843ITMEIUF6R2C/tumblr_mqjrc2AMXX1r2lhvro1_1280.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A black rhino at Zoo Atlanta stands patiently while a veterinarian ultrasounds her abodmen to check for a successful pregnancy. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520588734541-D630O89WCZ1IHFSEK7RV/18575415_10158669266690524_139581385_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A meerkat shows off the species' natural "sentry" behavior at the Chessington World of Adventures Resort. Photo Credit: L. Partridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534823722726-6KARETX945L7CT143G8F/34202933_10216199291799207_9214201049022201856_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A green aracari at the Nashville Zoo is cued to hop across guests' arms during a public presentation. Photo Credit: Nashville Zoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520581546034-ZS9E3SUYTLTEACYSEMOF/18789550_10155372579299297_2075897699_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A North American river otter at the Aquarium of the Bay doing a "wait" behavior while in position for a nose target. Photo Credit: D. Estes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534751209894-JVE44OOVESOAU37YZ7Y5/39543640_853555171698689_824436221055860736_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A harnessed aardvark at Omaha's Henry Doorley Zoo digs up the zoo grounds on a walk while her trainers do an informal education session with zoo guests. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535228788668-UFV0VUZ6S6U53QGWYWGE/39910341_10156549829414054_1515250026643718144_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An orangutan at the Cameron Park Zoo hangs out while keepers and vet staff gather data with a three-lead electrocardiogram. Photo Credit: L. Klutts https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534814155276-1Z3ON391JRK6JXY00VFK/39589393_10156622058860879_2247606388006060032_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A cougar at at America's Teaching Zoo holds still while blood is drawn from a vein in its tail. Photo Credit: A. Howland https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535238536350-1AWXTO4UANGH6WH1I5F0/39871984_228906331108928_2213906777521520640_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A keeper at the Twycross Zoo works on an approximation for a voluntary injection behavior with a chimpanzee. Once the animal is comfortable being sitting calmly while being poked in the shoulder with a finger, the keeper might progress to using a dowel, then a syringe without a needle, then a blunted needle, and finally a sharpened needle that actually gives the chimp a poke. Photo Credit: K. Waller https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534824396346-JL9V0X4H3L6K6D5M8TQY/540834_589406391087341_1995253458_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training Demonstrating the incredible bird-hunting skills of its species, a serval jumps for a lure during programming at the Columbus Zoo. Photo Credit: Katie Fox https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534976099194-KV5VITPYRYVUSS2GX0M9/39777189_10217355089095220_5886535567188951040_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A red river hog at the Cincinnati Zoo stops to sniff the breeze while exploring the zoo grounds wearing his harness. Photo Credit: K. Meeker https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534751434435-G1GYDFDXHSJX8Y0IH4P5/18471499_10155280295804476_444159681_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A juvenile black crowned crane at Natural Encounters learns to walk alongside its trainer without a harness or leash. Photo Credit: M. Davies https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520587029523-LWDO2UJ92EQ8R4VC383E/18555182_10158669261040524_1744184259_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training The same raccoon poses for photos in the trash can after the demonstration ended. Photo Credit: L. Partridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534972989469-I9JL22ANJL3Z3MSNMTWB/39872708_282853565641394_1999070881288028160_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training The same dromedary camel allowing leg manipulation by his trainer as part of his PT. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520586804498-IWZZZ2GYFQBZRA5G2O2R/18553925_10158669260890524_739145385_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A raccoon at the Chessington World of Adventures Resort demonstrates how easily it is able to get into a typical trash bin during an educational demonstration. Photo Credit: L. Partridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534974237559-2PCO7UWUTOYSQLT7528G/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A saki monkey working on a voluntary X-ray behavior at the Elmwood Park Zoo. Photo Credit: K. Olsen https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534751480800-MA02MMNDF7O7CTNSPJ47/18492461_10158641098260721_1070811971_n+%281%29.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A giant Indian fruit bat at Six Flags Discovery Kingdom practices flying from a perch to the arm of his trainer. Photo Credit: K. Hyde https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534815239157-91LPDUY03BJRZOH5MNV6/28832917_10160076693695524_25187987_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A coatimundi at the Chessington World Park and Resort practices taking medicine from a syringe. Photo Credit: L. Partridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520586635670-PA6KOL24C44ZTG2HEAI8/18596358_10158669268385524_40322703_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training The same California sea lion engages in a "stretch" behavior to show off the species' range of motion and flexibility at the Chessington World of Adventures Resort. Photo Credit: L. Partridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534967862123-JWEM7NWYAVGKH0063F7U/39891569_237865863591061_2212528840343814144_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An American Alligator at Theater of the Sea climbs onto a stationary scale. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534976182698-HJAHXG0SB8UWOX0HDEU7/39735825_452745705213079_507038133586493440_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An American Alligator "painting" on a canvas during an interaction program at Theater of the Sea. Photo Credit: K. Rivera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534727508962-OSDKW2MBBJ1OIC1F8SGN/dolphinurine.png How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A trainer at SeaWorld Orlando palpates a bottlenose dolphin's bladder in preparation for collecting urine with the syringe held in his other hand. The dolphin has been trained to "station" on the trainer's outstretched legs and then urinate on cue. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520585467571-7W3JHYZ8SUSV7E2K1X1D/18578503_10158669257375524_1054320325_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An Amazon parrot at the Chessington World of Adventures Resort shows off its flying skills .. Photo Credit: L. Partridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png How To Understand Zoo Animal Training https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534974197003-2AJMAQSOZUPGZ3958A3O/siamangpressure.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A siamang waits while a keeper takes a blood pressure reading from an arm cuff at the Brevard Zoo. Photo Credit: K. Castrucci https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520585113984-22B1F5SSBGA4BCT2HRJH/29025732_10216458336392023_6376654909768466432_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A harness-trained emu is walked through the grounds of the Staten Island Zoo by its trainer. Photo Credit: R. Ayers https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520587248778-QO6X40830RFN88YMQQ9I/18597085_10158669253025524_680608199_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A California sea lion at the Chessington World of Adventures Resort hides its face in response to a "look guilty" cue during a presentation. Photo Credit: L. Partridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520588486948-SXQL8OVM3OF1DCZK59NT/13494815_10153714864866989_9110198903536570484_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A Bactrian camel at the Franklin Park Zoo doing a "nose target" at his exhibit fence. Photo Credit: Franklin Park Zoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582921600-GXPP0WKF8C7W0KQZJI2C/18518417_10154893876431886_821446222_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training The same mandrill doing a "hand presntation" behavior. Photo Credit: A. Hawkins https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520667862562-R22RBN9F56LFYDU2XMXJ/29027250_10214250229225727_1887108097562902528_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A trainer at Dolphin Quest Bermuda uses a sustained "open mouth" behavior to examine a bottlenose dolphin's teeth carefully for wear or damage. Photo Credit: M. Minikin https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535230440184-FZ5PC60X28PFQYBOP3UD/39876123_285234102289959_7592588665553944576_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training The same dromedary camel following a "nose target" into a another deep stretch during PT for his stiff neck. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534815187734-BJXP57RBFPUQ536X3XD8/39875615_10156578250509493_3041229873730289664_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A Harris's hawk at the Texas State Aquarium holds a "beak target" behavior to one trainer's hand, as another prepares to put ointment on his eye. The hawk has been trained to put his head through a hole in the side of a carrying crate for this procedure. Photo Credit: A. Henry https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535229497177-T5FOOEB4HBZ9CG1X6PTB/39872928_2055387091152104_620007842329395200_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A keeper at the Twycross Zoo trains a mother orangutan to let her give her infant oral medication through cooperative feeding. Photo Credit: K. Waller https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520581826578-COVF4ZD621O76UD37XDH/tumblr_ndkas5lFbY1to7yd8o2_540.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A stingray at the Cameron Park Zoo takes a piece of food off of a target pole. Photo Credit: D. Estes https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534966849587-4JW0ZH804NL1M6MWWXGO/39557853_380620785805854_5750994439505969152_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An American Aligator holds at a "control station" while staff at Theater of the Sea work in his exhibit. Photo Credit: K. Rivera https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520581176226-WSUA3ECDLS7IE6JQUOZI/15730786_10100115673860990_1025621943_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An Amur leopard at the Franklin Park Zoo doing a "nose target" behavior through a training wall. Photo Credit: Franklin Park Zoo https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534973033662-PCFGMX87RX91L59APGY2/39811580_2044953988903069_3937244945999462400_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A dromedary camel at a zoo in Kentucky stretching into a "nose target" behavior as part of physical therapy for his stiff neck. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534750996732-R5QZVB3AQ747HTY8408B/28741253_10155040353902434_1589722720_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An African elephant at the Birmingham Zoo working on a "salute" behavior. This behavior requires both strength and balance, and is a complicated behavior to learn that provides the elephants with mental enrichment. Photo Credit: B. Beury https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520585355045-6FB0XL79MJKSDWO1KDPU/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training Fulvous Whistling Ducks at the Sacramento Zoo entering their transport crate. Photo Credit: M. Owyang https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582317800-64SA8WJVFGTKI8B2AMF2/18745273_10208680587163773_128474472_o.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A jaguar at the Houston Zoo doing a "body presentation" behavior at the exhibit fence, while being reinforced with milk from a squirt bottle. Photo Credit: K. Buckley-Jones https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520586202055-FP8ZFVADFKZ2M4CCH2IB/18600527_10158669245195524_484994142_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A blue and gold macaw hangs by its beak during an educational presentation at the Chessington World of Adventures Resort. Photo Credit: L. Partridge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534725171218-47PYHBCKK9L5YKT6U0M2/39557729_1802287413226324_5525347728336355328_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training Orcas at SeaWorld Orlando receiving different types of reinforcement: the whale on the left is getting a tactile reinforcer in the form of a pouring watering can, whereas the whale on the right is being tossed a chunk of jello as an edible reinforcer. Photo Credit: M. Hummel-Uzzi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582728414-C1NX9X4WSOMJUAV4U5LR/18516090_10154893877911886_1994237926_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A mandrill at Tanganyika Wildlife Park doing a "body presentation" behavior. Photo Credit: A. 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Belair https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534723832915-E8FIX377CQJOSATIK1HT/39568099_452179495295482_8283667178566189056_n.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A Commerson's dolphin at Aquatica follows a target pole while learning a "belly flop" behavior. Photo Credit: M. Hummel-Uzzi https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1534750907140-2W3RHA87KPIR8PLPSUNE/image-asset.jpeg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training An Asian elephant at the National Zoo doing a "bow" behavior during a public demonstration. This behavior is a good stretch and helps keep elephants limber. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1520582005850-18FBIZ2UVL33KBDIRE0C/owyang.jpg How To Understand Zoo Animal Training A six-banded armadillo doing a "nose target" at the Sacramento Zoo. Photo Creidt: M. 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https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1533494515958-F7MT0X07QX5RDMLZF6SB/38644145_215686982437726_8803924276596965376_n.jpg How To Harness Train Your Cat https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1533592632721-B3N03G4W2NCPMLKW5EP6/37723815_10160737074795720_8346042043713191936_n.jpg How To Harness Train Your Cat https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/elephants-dont-cry daily 0.75 2018-12-24 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535846718063-PWJW6JCHZXKYV0976SUG/elephant_eye.jpg Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? A diagram of the relevant structures involved in an elephant's tear production. Photo Credit: T. Mueller https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535846150898-QEOZUT2J3AF3JAI1HG2S/image-asset.jpeg Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? A an African elephant's eye with visible accessory hairs and an accumulation of tear film / sebum at the side. Photo Credit: B. Beury https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1536339715450-ET9TZHCPB26DAC8AM521/elephant-tears.jpg.1000x0_q80_crop-smart.jpg Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? An stock image of fluid leaving an elephant's eye that is frequently used in media articles that claim elephants can cry emotional tears. Photo Credit: Jiri Foltyn / Shutterstock https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535834051386-BSC5NFZBTR9OCPTNL6A2/600-29445176-tear-duct.jpg Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? A diagram of the human lacrimal apparatus. Photo Credit: Bodytomy https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535835946396-3N12D5VK2PYAEIREG0B8/a43ac5050fdbeed239abfee418cae975.jpg Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? A diagram of tear film composition in the human eye. Photo Credit: Refresh https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535842001508-XZ1UKQDDNXOPLS2OQNJX/image-asset.jpeg Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? A close-up of an African elephant's eye, showing the edge of the third eyelid. Photo Credit: B. Beury https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519697385084-RJD818NJVLOBJ3YMHECO/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1536338295846-D7FQQZ4QAENXZAIE9WVF/41099659_2176667669041052_1283835870180278272_n.jpg Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? The medial canthus of an Asian elephant, showing the drainage and evaporation of tear film down the face. Photo Credit: D. Lints https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1536219274710-26SKOABJ40AQ5U9BSSK6/Billy+eye+goo.jpg Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? Two Asian elephant bulls with small amounts of tear fluid and "eye goo" visible at the medial canthus. Photo Credit: M. Davis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535871277173-KF5JEOH3FGC797K3FSHT/image-asset.jpeg Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? An African bull elephant showing both spilled tear film and drainage from the temporal gland. Photo Credit: B. Beury https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535846170939-3UIXJ8F5H6U7AM7GK8O4/40342980_2152014135071017_3659070252223823872_n.jpg Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? A close-up of an Asian elephant's eye surrounded by long accessory hairs. Photo Credit: B. Bartosch https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1535423343760-EOTS8YT3OFHSIOMKEPS0/40330028_991544787698432_7092406459413037056_n.jpg Elephants Don't Have Tear Ducts - So Why Are They Always Crying? https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/fact-or-fiction-big-cat-crisis daily 0.75 2019-01-09 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1546056119449-S8LSP5LJMEIYIVCSZ2U8/image-asset.jpeg Fact Or Fiction: Examining Current Knowledge About The Captive Big Cat Crisis Figure 6. Big Cat Safety Incidents in Private Non-Professional Ownership Settings, 2007 Post-CWSA - 2018 Click Image to View Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519698024503-SJM9SGWDNXPK8C15B4LW/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png Fact Or Fiction: Examining Current Knowledge About The Captive Big Cat Crisis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1546056092403-AGBX0W1JZG5KZBXDHAL7/image-asset.jpeg Fact Or Fiction: Examining Current Knowledge About The Captive Big Cat Crisis Figure 5. Big Cat Safety Incidents in Private Non-Professional Ownership Settings, 2000 - 2007 Pre-CWSA Click Image to View Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png Fact Or Fiction: Examining Current Knowledge About The Captive Big Cat Crisis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1546055823276-8DLDKSU3KCILZ8LPXQDQ/image-asset.jpeg Fact Or Fiction: Examining Current Knowledge About The Captive Big Cat Crisis Figure 1. Big Cat Safety Incidents by Major Risk Category. From Garner, 2018 (unpublished). Click Image to View Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1546056141456-9UVJYW8XL0SQ8Y2OS3F3/image-asset.jpeg Fact Or Fiction: Examining Current Knowledge About The Captive Big Cat Crisis Figure 7. Big Cat Safety Incidents in Private Non-Professional Ownership Settings, 2010 - 2018 Click Image to View Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg Fact Or Fiction: Examining Current Knowledge About The Captive Big Cat Crisis https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1546055838328-UIAFDAZBNYML7ICIJZ6J/image-asset.jpeg Fact Or Fiction: Examining Current Knowledge About The Captive Big Cat Crisis Figure 2. Comparison of Big Cat Safety Issues Over Time by Setting. From Garner, 2018 (unpublished). Click Image to View Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1546056061084-N9RF8XC9SWTID7W0HN58/image-asset.jpeg Fact Or Fiction: Examining Current Knowledge About The Captive Big Cat Crisis Figure 3. Image Credit: Turpentine Creek Wildlife Refuge https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1546075525478-3EF5H5GCIU67J5KUI0WW/image-asset.jpeg Fact Or Fiction: Examining Current Knowledge About The Captive Big Cat Crisis Figure 4. Big Cat Safety Incidents by Year in Private Non-Professional Settings. From “Big Cat Safety Incident 2000 - 2018”, Garner 2018. Click Image to View Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1526535302231-A93MBFSJMVLN0KYNARLQ/601114_3334039465634_1295285481_n.jpg Fact Or Fiction: Examining Current Knowledge About The Captive Big Cat Crisis https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/big-cat-safety-incidents-2000-2018 daily 0.75 2018-12-16 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544504822471-6NWQJV77P9N7Z9AWKHX5/Big+Cat+Safety+Incidents+at+Private-Non+Professional+per+Year+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 8. Big Cat Safety Incidents by Year - Private Non-Professional Click Image to View Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544872388261-19JWALY5QML6GXQRT9FD/Big+Cat+Public+Safety+Incidents+graphed+by+Type+of+Incident+final+with+border+WITH+WILDLIFE.jpg Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 4. Big Cat Safety Incidents by Type and Outcome - All Situations* *Unlabeled dark brown slice represents Escape with Death, 0.3% *Unlabeled dark blue slice represents Public Endangerment, 0.3% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544505470159-FQ5MB44CH9VG381LY0IK/Species+Involved+in+Big+Cat+Incidents+-+Private+Non-Professional+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 18. Species Involved in Big Cat Safety Incidents - Private Non-Professional Settings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544505590684-HMTWDL6S8HJRBOUCQHI9/Injuries+to+Children+and+Teens+during+Big+Cat+Incidents+by+Situation+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 21. Injuries to Minors During Big Cat Safety Incidents by Setting https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544680901006-4H6FQBWGMOZY8TBMGC9U/Species+Involved+in+Big+Cat+Incidents+-+Private+Non-Professional+Wildlife+Excluded+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 26. Species involved in Big Cat Safety Incidents - Private Non-Professional (Wildlife Removed) Click Image to See Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544505558019-MRX462HE0M0A8HDAK5GG/Deaths+and+Injuries+of+Children+and+Teens+during+Big+Cat+Incidents+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 20. Minors Injured or Killed by Big Cats - All Settings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544504981666-HMKYXBQ5A8K66M6WNLZ2/Big+Cat+Safety+Incidents+by+Type+-+Zoological+Facilities+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 11. Big Cat Safety Incidents by Type - Zoological Facilities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544505072050-GKVQR6EQ888GJD6ZZXOW/Groups+Injured+in+Big+Cat+Incidents+-+Zoological+Facilities+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 13. Groups Injured in Big Cat Safety Incidents - Zoological Facilities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544505330518-43D067OOJ1Q4RNF9ZJ3R/Groups+Injured+in+Big+Cat+Incidents+-+Private+Non-Professional+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 17. Groups Injured in Big Cat Safety Incidents - Private Non-Professional Settings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544872523580-RZAN91RGA4YLH7HYJN96/Big+Cat+Public+Safety+Incidents+graphed+by+Type+of+Incident+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 22. Big Cat Safety Incidents by Type and Outcome (Wildlife Differentiated) Click Image to See Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544680829004-4GTX82JBVSK8ZPR8V9MM/image-asset.jpeg Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 25. Species involved in Big Cat Safety Incidents - All Situations (Wildlife Removed) Click Image to See Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519697385084-RJD818NJVLOBJ3YMHECO/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544505212339-Q23EQJN5Z6NDC1QN0Y6T/Big+Cat+Safety+Incidents+by+Type+-+Private+Non-Professional+Settings+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 15. Big Cat Safety Incidents by Type - Private Non-Professional https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544505157915-EAKENZEJSCW8I713FWEI/Species+Involved+in+Big+Cat+Incidents+by+Year+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 10. Species Involved in Big Cat Safety Incidents by Year https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544504882399-IR2DZOZ1O8JWPUQM3ZH7/Comparison+of+Big+Cat+Safety+Incidents+across+major+groups+per+year+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 9. Comparison of Big Cat Safety Incidents Over Time by Setting https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544505532161-L1XCJ4RCSS36LG0JWZIP/Groups+Killed+in+Big+Cat+Incidents+-+All+Situations+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 19. Groups Killed in Big Cat Safety Incidents - All Settings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544505114339-6SLL9LBNJ5VYRTSY8U6B/Species+Involved+in+Big+Cat+Incidents+-+All+Situations+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 5. Species Involved in Big Cat Safety Incidents - All Settings* *Unlabeled thin pink slice represents Ligers, 0.3% https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544504768490-MLSYP44R9WFB8HZIGQ0V/Big+Cat+Safety+Incidents+at+Zoological+Facilities+per+year+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 7. Big Cat Safety Incidents by Year - Zoological Facilities Click Image to View Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544680742773-BVQ7596EVCC523KYH3HI/Results+of+Big+Cat+Incidents+-+Private+Non-Professional+Wildlife+Excluded+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 24. Outcomes of Incidents in Private Non-Professional (Wildlife Removed) Click Image to See Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544504553768-Q78P298CA32NGUJFZFJ6/Big+Cat+Public+Safety+Incidents+graphed+by+Setting+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 1. Big Cat Safety Incidents by Setting https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544505024218-C2QFOOO6SZZCL0S6YA0U/Results+of+Big+Cat+Incidents+-+Zoological+Facilities+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 12. Outcomes of Big Cat Safety Incidents - Zoological Facilities. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544680707724-7WYTSTEVXH1296QTTTOF/Big+Cat+Safety+Incidents+by+Type+-+All+Situations+wildlife+excluded+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 23. Big Cat Safety Incidents by Type - All Situations (Wildlife Removed) Click Image to See Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544662803213-318VD99TCYKE5RICO9FZ/Species+Involved+in+Big+Cat+Incidents+-+Zoological+Facilities+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 14. Species Involved in Big Cat Safety Incidents - Zoological Facilities https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544504738975-GF423Q74PJPZ7IMPCMY9/Total+Big+Cat+Safety+Incidents+per+Year+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 6. Big Cat Safety Incidents by Year - Total from All Settings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544504596197-9SHXBUFUZEAK4WK74U97/Big+Cat+Safety+Incidents+by+Type+-+All+Situations+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 2. Big Cat Safety Incidents by Type of Incident - All Situations https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544505370835-GP19TZIB71BW9UB2JK1M/Frequency+of+Injury+and+Death+in+Big+Cat+Incidents+final+-+All+Situations.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 3. Frequency of Injury and Death during Big Cat Safety Incidents - All Settings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544505240273-63HD3NZRWZR8FURQM1OD/Results+of+Big+Cat+Incidents+-+Private+Non-Professional+final.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 Figure 16. Outcomes of Big Cat Safety Incidents - Private Non-Professional Settings https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1544504353926-0712W0USO4L717SK15I5/Species+Involved+in+Big+Cat+Incidents+by+Year.JPG Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018 https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/captive-exotic-felids daily 0.75 2018-12-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg Captive Exotic Felids https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519697535449-F6P5TUBC7VNWKCH1YYZD/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png Captive Exotic Felids https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png Captive Exotic Felids https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/tens-of-thousands-of-backyard-big-cats daily 0.75 2018-12-28 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1545642222494-NTOCEMX0QDFZR71922G3/Big%2BCat%2BSafety%2BIncidents%2Bat%2BPrivate-Non%2BProfessional%2Bper%2BYear%2Bfinalsaved.jpg Are There Tens of Thousands of Backyard Big Cats? From “Big Cat Safety Issues In The United States: 2000 - 2018.” Garner, 2018. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png Are There Tens of Thousands of Backyard Big Cats? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1545642078871-CU2COKXU7SIYQO8U9TT4/Tiger%2BClaims%2BMedia%2BUnsourced_.savedjpg.jpg Are There Tens of Thousands of Backyard Big Cats? From “Media Claims About The Tiger Population In The United States Are Frequently Exaggerated.” Garner, 2018. Lighter grey bars illustrate the range of numbers cited. Click Image to View Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg Are There Tens of Thousands of Backyard Big Cats? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1545642117327-KTLDL247P0G62LWOTGLH/InfoGraphAcademicsaved.jpg Are There Tens of Thousands of Backyard Big Cats? From “Media Claims About The Tiger Population In The United States Are Frequently Exaggerated.” Garner, 2018 Click Image to View Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519698024503-SJM9SGWDNXPK8C15B4LW/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png Are There Tens of Thousands of Backyard Big Cats? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1545611487047-804G03SW6J6RTXJ65QWE/armani.jpg Are There Tens of Thousands of Backyard Big Cats? https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/more-tigers-in-texas daily 0.75 2018-12-29 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519698024503-SJM9SGWDNXPK8C15B4LW/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png Are There More Tigers in Texas and Florida Than in the Wild? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1545965628469-5K9JHAJJ0D9UT3L4QM03/Comparison%2Bof%2BBig%2BCat%2BSafety%2BIncidents%2Bacross%2Bmajor%2Bgroups%2Bper%2Byear%2Bfinal.jpg Are There More Tigers in Texas and Florida Than in the Wild? Figure 1. Comparison of Big Cat Safety Incidents Over Time by Setting. From “Big Cat Safety Incidents 2000 - 2018” Garner, 2018b. Click Image to View Full Size https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1545966564269-WS9TH5GECMGVYEF42FPW/tigersbysettingperyear+done.JPG Are There More Tigers in Texas and Florida Than in the Wild? Figure 2. Number of Safety Incidents Involving Tigers per Year by Setting. Data from Garner, 2018d, unpublished. Click image to view larger version. https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png Are There More Tigers in Texas and Florida Than in the Wild? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg Are There More Tigers in Texas and Florida Than in the Wild? https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1545619722702-IRZ8I98PVGU6R3914G2K/48393474_2235930786662153_728395340658507776_n.jpg Are There More Tigers in Texas and Florida Than in the Wild? https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/testing-questions daily 0.75 2019-04-22 https://www.whyanimalsdothething.com/hr-1380-the-big-cat-public-safety-act daily 0.75 2020-12-03 https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1519697751740-K7LEL76V15OYTWRFXT0F/panda-tentativefinal+%281%29.png Legislation Breakdown: H.R. 1380 "The Big Cat Public Safety Act" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1472878159287-WRD029BH6QZ3COB98VT5/image-asset.jpeg Legislation Breakdown: H.R. 1380 "The Big Cat Public Safety Act" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1494704587789-D49GAWJQVQ1UL5P7FYC0/image-asset.png Legislation Breakdown: H.R. 1380 "The Big Cat Public Safety Act" https://images.squarespace-cdn.com/content/v1/570bdce2b09f95427915e52a/1586169987349-D0O9FXB4DOUZV9CI1TGY/1380+snip.JPG Legislation Breakdown: H.R. 1380 "The Big Cat Public Safety Act"